Power Struggles Part I - Are You at War With a Defiant Child?

Do you ever feel as if your relationship with your childappropriately in order to get more autonomy. And
has become one long, drawn-out (and exhausting)parents, in turn, need to teach their kids that with
power struggle? If you're in this situation, it probablyautonomy comes responsibility and accountability.
seems like you simply progress from nagging yourChildren are looking to be more independent and make
child over dirty laundry on the floor in the morning tomore decisions, but they should not be allowed to
arguing over bedtime at night. As they get older,argue in an abusive, hurtful or obnoxious way. Here's
power struggles get more entrenched as your childthe bottom line: kids have to learn how to have power
pushes against the rules: they start asking for thingsstruggles with their parents in a way that is not a
like the keys to the car and permission to go to all-nightpersonal attack.
parties, "because all their friends' parents said 'yes.'"Look at it this way: when a police officer pulls you
Power is one of the strategies people use to get theirover, if you don't agree that you've made a mistake in
needs and wants met. As children grow, you will seetraffic, you might find yourself in a power struggle with
them trying to gain power in order to get morehim. If you get out of your car and start screaming,
autonomy and control over their lives. When your childthat won't get you anywhere. Instead, you try the
was an infant, you had almost all the power. Hetactic of calmly and respectfully explain your position.
communicated that he was hungry or uncomfortableWhether or not he still gives you a ticket, you've been
by crying; that was the only power he had. As yourable to present your viewpoint in a way that doesn't
child grew older, he took on more responsibility-andget you into more trouble, and might in fact solve your
with more responsibility came more power. He learnedproblem. In the same way, ultimately we want kids to
to pick up after himself, and he also learned thatlearn how to advocate for themselves by engaging in
refusing to do chores gave him some power. Heactions and conversations which increase their
learned to do his homework-and refusing to do it alsoautonomy-without getting them into more trouble.
gave him power. Remember, there is no such thing asSo know that it's normal for kids, and especially teens,
positive or negative power: it's simply power withto get into power struggles. That testing, pushing and
positive or negative ends.challenging of your authority, no matter how difficult to
There are many things in life that are empowering.deal with at times, is your child's job. As he matures, his
Certainly information, knowledge and communicationgoal is to separate and individuate from you-to form
skills are empowering in a constructive way. And alsohis own opinions and feelings about things. Part of that
sadly, violence, abuse, and threats can be empoweringprocess includes the desire for more power and
in a destructive way. If kids learn the latter lesson atcontrol over his life; your goal is to make sure he tests
any point in their development, they can becomethose boundaries without being abusive or threatening.
entrenched in a way of behaving where they useOften, parents don't want to expand a child's circle of
acting out, threats and verbal abuse to get what theycontrol over his own life as fast as the child would like.
want. I personally believe this is a dangerous path forAt the same time, kids want more control. So parents
kids to start heading down, and encourage parents toare constantly pushing against that wall to hold it
take this behavior very seriously when it first develops.steady, while the child is pushing back from the other
You vs. Your Child: Perception is Everythingside. Certainly, by the time kids are 13, 14, 15 or 16,
Know that when kids engage in power struggles withthey're questioning the rules you've set for them.
you, although it may feel like they're trying to controlThey're pounding on that wall with a sledgehammer,
you, generally they don't think of it this way. They justasking, "Why can't I go to the concert? Why can't I
feel like whatever is going on isn't fair-or that it's notwear make-up? Why can't I borrow the car tonight?"
their fault. In fact, they probably aren't even awareTheir confrontation of your limits becomes stronger
they're testing your power. They see it as, "I don't wantand stronger as they get older. So defiant power
to clean my room now. I just want to watch T.V." Orstruggles can increase in frequency and intensity
"You're old fashioned, you just don't understand."unless parents know how to manage them.
And that's their actual perception-most of the timeWhy It's a Mistake to Give in to Defiant Power
they're really seeing it that way. Most children andStruggles
teens don't perceive life the same way their adultAlmost all kids become increasingly resistant to
parents do. As adults, we often mistakenly think kidsparental authority as they grow older. For many kids,
see the same picture we do, so we might wonderthat resistance is acted out in socially acceptable
"What's the problem?" when they start arguing with us.ways. But some kids really get entrenched in power
But most kids don't have the adult ability to perceivestruggles. They become defiant, not just resistant. Their
the totality of what's going on. And not only are theymost common answer is "No, I'm not going to do it."
developmentally immature, but there are certainWhen you tell them there will be consequences, they'll
obstacles that can block them from developing thattell you they don't care.
awareness in an age-appropriate manner. There mayFor those kids who learn that defiance helps them get
be diagnosed (or undiagnosed) learning disabilities,their way, you'll see their urge to become defiant grow
which cause distortions in their thinking. The end resultstronger and stronger. A typical trap many parents fall
is that they become willing to fight everyone andinto is developing a pattern of giving in as the child
everything in order to get their way.wears them down. After that, any time the parents
Teenagers especially see the world very differentlyresist, the kid thinks, "Well, if I push a little more, then
than parents. While parents are concerned aboutthey'll give in." And so the child can escalate forever. In
safety and want their kids to avoid doing high riskeffect, the child is confronting the boundaries you've
things, teens may feel as if they're being held backcreated, and will keep confronting them until they no
from doing things that appear reasonable andlonger exist...
legitimate to them. This becomes even more complexThe truth is, you really can't win with somebody who's
when kids discover that some of their peers aregot nothing to lose-you'll just end up losing more and
allowed to do the things they are not.more of your own power. For parents in the situation
So teens can develop a way of looking at some ofwhere things have gotten to a point where the child is
their parents' decisions as unfair. That perception fuelsabusive and aggressive, I recommend that they seek
their willingness to fight, argue, and engage in defiantsome professional help. Because that pattern can be
power struggles with you. For example, you decidestopped and it can be changed. You don't have to be
you don't want your teen to go to a party if there's nostuck in that forever, you just need to learn how to
adult supervision. Your teenager just wants to go todeal with it. In my opinion, what these kids really need
the same party her friends are attending-she doesn'tto learn is that defiance doesn't solve their problem;
have any thoughts at all about adult supervision or risk.defiance doesn't get them what they want in the first
When you bring it up, she thinks you're old fashioned orplace. And if parents don't teach them this lesson
out of touch-and the conflict starts there.when they're young, these kids will certainly find out
For the most part, this is healthy. It may be annoying (inlater when they're dealing with the school system, their
fact, you'll probably feel you're saying the same thingsemployer, the police or their spouse.
over and over) but kids need to find ways to challengeLet me be clear: both the child who is mildly resistant to
adult authority appropriately. And by appropriately Iauthority and the defiant, acting out child need to be
mean not cursing, verbally abusing or personallyempowered with problem solving skills to learn how to
attacking you. By the way, if the challenge iscommunicate effectively in the many situations life
appropriate, parents need to learn how to respondpresents. I think that this particular training for adult life
with an open mind.should start very early. Believe me, you can't walk into
Not What You Might Think: The Goal is not to Takeyour boss's office and say, "This stinks, I'm not going to
Power Struggles Awaydo it, you're a jerk," and expect to have your needs
It surprises many parents when I say that we don'tmet. Kids need to learn how to negotiate and
want to take all power struggles away. Rather, weadvocate for themselves in order to gain power, and
want to take the defiance out of the power struggle.they need to do it in an appropriate way-a way which
This is because as kids go through their developmentaldoesn't get them into trouble and doesn't make the
stages, they need to challenge their parentsproblem worse.