How to De-Escalate Oppositional and Defiant Teenagers

Every teenager will become oppositional from time toYou will also need to have a clear goal. This means,
time. It's normal; and particularly when they feel upsetyou need to know where you want to get, since your
or stressed. Oppositional behaviors can become ainterventions should be directed to this goal. Don't try to
matter of concern if they start interfering with theirdirectly go for your point because this will only trigger
social, academic or family life.another escalation. You need to be subtle and "hide"
Oppositional/Defiant behaviors are characterized byyour goal because if it becomes visible during the initial
the Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry as:phase it will backfire. You have to slowly leak it at the
- Frequent temper tantrumsend of the second phase (peak and/or plateau). Think
- Excessive arguing with adultsof it as a chess game. If you start making random
- Often questioning rulesmoves to see what happens the other player (who
- Active defiance and refusal to comply with adulthas a plan or idea) will beat you in the blink of an eye.
requests and rulesAlso, since you are the authority figure you will have
- Deliberate attempts to annoy or upset peoplesome sort of leverage. Use it, but never as a threat or
- Blaming others for his or her mistakes or misbehaviorcoercion. Use that differential of power wisely.
- Often being touchy or easily annoyed by othersYesterday I spent an hour and a half de-escalating a
- Frequent anger and resentment15 year old boy. During that hour an and a half he
- Mean and hateful talking when upsetrefused to talk to me, followed by a half hour cathartic
In this article I'm not going to focus just on ODDperiod. He then calmed down a bit and while talking to
(Oppositional Defiant Disorder), the pathological form,me he starting packing and dressing up to leave. I let
but also on its usual (normal) manifestations. I'll focus onhim do it, but I kept talking to him. At one point I noticed
the ones that you are going to most likely find in everythat his bag was already full so he started taking stuff
day life and how to defuse them. If you are specificallyout and putting other stuff in. He tied his shoes twice,
looking for ODD you can refer to the Academy'sgroomed himself for a bit and paced around the room
page. It's a good source.aimlessly. At that point I knew that he knew he wasn't
When a teenager becomes oppositional the first thinggonna go anywhere but the job hadn't been finished
you need to know is that you are going to needyet. He was still upset but open to talk. At that point I
patience. Lots of it. Usually, to de-escalate him or her itasked him to sit by me on his bed. Apparently he was
would take you as long as a usual discussion with yourready for it since he did. That was the first moment
girl/boyfriend or partner. That would be between anwhere he was actually compliant. Score! Asking him to
hour and a half and two hours. It follows the normalsit by me wasn't just for the sake of it.
curve (AKA Gaussian function or Bell curve). An initialOur "conversation" started with him sitting on the floor
moment of increasing tension. A peak, usually followedthrowing things and breaking furniture. I was standing
by a plateau where you may feel that you are gettingwhen I entered his room. Here you need to think about
nowhere and a decline (the de-escalation).primal interactions and body language. He had to look
The second thing you need to take into account is thatup to talk to me or even to make eye contact. I was
it's going to be a chess game. You are the authority"on top", which doesn't help solve authority disputes.
figure and that's the main problem. Oppositional andNext thing I did was to sit and start talking to him. He
defiant behaviors are tightly bonded to authority. In mystood up and started to walk and talk. From an
experience, when dealing with neurotypical people,eye-to-eye perspective he was above me. You need
time-outs are only going to give them time to stay onto work with that illusion. When I asked him to sit by
that negative trend of thought and is not going to helpme we were both at the same level, and that was the
the situation get any better. You need to talk him orbeginning of the end of the argument. From there I
her out of it. Don't expect time itself to work magic.could finally reason with him, joked a little bit while still
And if it does, there are gonna be hurt feelings. In othertalking and finally made my point firmly.He went to bed
words, as a parent, your intervention is needed.giggling and in an excellent mood.
There are basically two actions that you need to take.In conclusion, it all goes down to a power struggle. The
The first one is active listening. Let him vent and bekey is not to get engaged in it, since you'll be playing
aware that you will hear things that you won't like; butthe teenager's game. You need to make that struggle
don't get into an argument. That won't help either. Theas subtle as you can during most of the conversation,
me vs. him approach won't work. Instead, listen andor at least until you consider the person is ready to
wait for the right moment to make your interventions,acknowledge the fact that there is a "chain of
pointing out the weak points of his or her argumentcommand" and his way is not a viable option. In the
and redirecting the conversation continually. Timing isprocess you will gain respect, a sense that what you
paramount here. The de-escalation rate will be directlywant is not a whim and last but not least, you'll look as
tied to how timely and on the spot your interventionssomeone approachable in his eyes, which will help in
are.future occurrences.